大学英语四级

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大学英语四级大学英语六级大学英语三级专四专八成人英语三级商务英语雅思 GRE

Educators today are more and more often heard to say that computer literacy is absolutely necessary forcollege students. Many even argue that each incoming freshman should have permanent access to his or her ownmicrocomputer. What advantages do computers offer the college students?Any student who has used a word processor will know one compelling reason to use a computer: to writepapers. Although not all students feel comfortable composing' on a word processor, most find revising and editingmuch easier on it. One can alter, insert, or delete just by pressing a few keys, thus eliminating the need to rewrite orre-type. Furthermore, since the revision process is less burdensome, students are more likely to revise as often as isnecessary to end up with the best paper possible. For these reasons, many freshman English courses require the useof a word processor. Computers are also useful in the context of language courses, where they are used to drill students in basicskills. Software programs reinforce ESL (English as a Second Language.instruction, as well as instruction inFrench, German, Spanish, and other languages. By using these programs on a regular basis, students can improvetheir proficiency in a language while proceeding at their own pace. Science students take advantage of computers in many ways. Using computer graphic capabilities, forexample, botany students can represent and analyze different plant growth patterns. Medical students can learn tointerpret computerized images of internal body structures. Physics students can complete complex calculations farmore quickly than they could without the use of computer. Similarly, business and accounting students find that computer spreadsheet programs are all but indispensableto many aspects of their work, while students pursuing careers in graphic arts, marketing, and public relations findthat knowledge of computer graphic is important. Education majors learn to develop grading systems usingcomputers, while social science students use computers for analyzing and graphically displacing their researchresults. It is no wonder, then, that educators support the purchase and use of microcomputers by students. A versatiletool, the computer can help students learn. And that is, after all, the reason for going to college. 答案解析
该公司下列风险监管指标中低于规定标准的是( )。答案解析
某期货公司的期末报表显示，其净资本为6000万元。监管部门发现该公司报表存在以下问题：第一，公司使用部分闲置的自用资金用于申购新股，在期末时仍有2000万元处于申购新股冻结状态，公司未对这部分资金进行风险调整(申购新股资金的风险调整比例为5%1；第二，公司资产负债表中的“期货风险准备金”为200万元，但公司在计算净资本时，未对该项目进行风险调整。在针对上述问题进行调整后，该公司的期末净资本实际为( )。答案解析
某期货公司的期末财务报表显示，净资产为6000万元，负债为1000万元，客户权益额为68000万元，在计算期末净资本时，假定其资产调整值为1400万元，无负债调整值, 客户因可用资金为负（尚未穿仓）而应追加的保证金为500万元（按期货交易所规定的保证金标准计算）。请回答公司期末资本为（）答案解析
Language is, and should be, a living thing, constantly enriched with new words and forms of expression. Butthere is a vital distinction between good developments, which add to the language, enabling us to say things wecould not say before, and bad developments, which subtract from the language by rendering it less precise. Avivacious, colorful use of words is not to be confused with mere slovenliness. The kind of slovenliness in whichsome professionals deliberately indulge is perhaps akin to the cult (迷信.of the unfinished work, which haseroded most of the arts in our time. And the true answer to it is the same that art is enhanced, not hindered, bydiscipline. You cannot carve satisfactorily in butter. The corruption of written English has been accompanied by an even sharper decline in the standard ofspoken English. We speak very much less well than was common among educated Englishmen a generation ortwo ago. The modem theatre has played a baneful (有害的.part in dimming our appreciation of language. Instead ofthe immensely articulate dialogue of, for example, Shaw (who was also very insistent on good pronunciation ),audiences are now subjected to streams of barely literate trivia, often designed, only too well, to exhibit' lack ofcommunication', and larded (夹杂.with the obscenities (下流的话.and grammatical errors of the intellectuallyimpoverished. Emily Post once advised her readers: "The theatre is the best possible place to hear correctly-enunciated speech. " Alas, no more. One young actress was recently reported to be taking lessons in how to speakbadly, so that she should fit in better. But the BBC is the worst traitor. After years of very successfully helping to raise the general standard ofspoken English, it suddenly went into reverse. As the head of the Pronunciation Unit coyly (含蓄的.put it, "In the 1960s the BBC opened the field to a much wider range of speakers." To hear a BBC disc jockey talking to thelatest ape-like pop idol is a truly shocking experience of verbal squalor. And the prospect seems to be of evenworse to come. School teachers are actively encouraged to ignore little Johnny's incoherent grammar, atrociousspelling and haphazard punctuation, because worrying about such things might inhibit his creative genius. 答案解析
投资者应当遵守( )的原则，承担金融期货交易的履约责任，不得以不符合投资者适当性标准为由拒绝承担金融期货交易履约责任。答案解析
中国期货业协会、期货交易所依法对期货市场客户开户实行( )。答案解析
So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to readis not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that "reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible." Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also a public activity: It can be seen and observed. Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny.If teacher and learn roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the quest (探索) for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. "Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children." When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfill them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated.Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of learning to read by reading. 答案解析
Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick Ⅱ in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent. All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in thefirst year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected. Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly.If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed. Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ.At twelve weeks a baby smiles and utters vowel--like sounds; at twelve month she can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar. Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about man's brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a teddy bear with the sound pattern "teddy bear".And even more in-credible is the young brain's ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways. But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the child's babbling, grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child's non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language. 答案解析
The predictability of our mortality rates is something that has long puzzled social scientists. After all, there is no natural reason why 2,500 people should accidentally shoot themselves each year or why 7,000 should drown or 55,000 die in their cars. No one establishes a quota for each type of death. It just happens that they follow a consistent pattern year after year. A few years ago a Canadian psychologist named Gerald Wilde became interested in this phenomenon. He noticed that mortality rates for violent and accidental deaths throughout the western world have remained oddly static throughout the whole of the century, despite all the technological advances and increases in safety standards that have happened in that time. Wilde developed an intriguing theory called "risk homeostasis". According to this theory, people instinctively live with a certain level of risk. When something is made safer, people will get around the measure in some way to reassert the original level of danger. If, for instance, they are required to wear seat belts, they will feel safer and thus will drive a little faster and a little more recklessly, thereby statistically canceling out the benefits that the seat belt confers. Other studies have shown that where an intersection is made safer, the accident rate invariably falls there but rises to a compensating level elsewhere along the same stretch of road. It appears,then, that we have an innate need for danger. In all events, it is becoming clearer and clearer to scientists that the factors influencing our lifespan are far more subtle and complex than "had been previously thought. It now appears that if you wish to live a long life, it isn't simply a matter of adhering to certain precautions eating the right foods, not smoking, driving with care. You must also have the right attitude. Scientists at the Duke University Medical Center made a 15-year study of 500 persons personalities and found, somewhat to their surprise, that people with a suspicious or mistrustful nature die prematurely far more often than people with a sunny disposition. Looking on the bright side, it seems, can add years to your lifespan. 答案解析
期货合约中的惟一变量是（　）。答案解析
Protests at the use of animals in research have taken a new and fearful character in Britain with attempted murder of two British scientists by the terrorist technique of the pre-planted car bomb. The research community will rightly be alarmed at these developments, which have two aims:to draw public attention and to frighten people working in research with animals. The scientists insist that everything should be done to identify those responsible for the crimes and to put them on trial. The Defense Research Society has taken the practical step ofoffering a reward of $10,000 for information leading to those responsible, but past experience is not encouraging. People are unlikely to be tempted by such offers. The professional police will similarly be confronted by the usual problem of finding a needle in a haystack. That is why the intellectual community in Britain and elsewhere must act more actively in its own defense. There are several steps that can be taken, of which the chief one is to demand of all the organizations that exist with the declared aims of.safeguarding the interests of animals that they should declare clearly where they stand on violence towards people. And it will not be enough for the chairman and chairwoman of these organizations to make placatory statements on behalf of all their members. These people should also undertake that it will be a test of continuing membership in their organizations that members and would-be members should declare that they will take no part in acts of violence against human beings. Even such undertakings would be fully effective: people, after all, can lie. But at least they would distinguish the organizations entitled to a continuing voice in the dialogue with the research community about the rights of animals in research from the organizations that deserve no say. 答案解析
Protests at the use of animals in research have taken a new and fearful character in Britain with attempted murder of two British scientists by the terrorist technique of the pre-planted car bomb. The research community will rightly be alarmed at these developments, which have two aims:to draw public attention and to frighten people working in research with animals. The scientists insist that everything should be done to identify those responsible for the crimes and to put them on trial. The Defense Research Society has taken the practical step ofoffering a reward of $10,000 for information leading to those responsible, but past experience is not encouraging. People are unlikely to be tempted by such offers. The professional police will similarly be confronted by the usual problem of finding a needle in a haystack. That is why the intellectual community in Britain and elsewhere must act more actively in its own defense. There are several steps that can be taken, of which the chief one is to demand of all the organizations that exist with the declared aims of.safeguarding the interests of animals that they should declare clearly where they stand on violence towards people. And it will not be enough for the chairman and chairwoman of these organizations to make placatory statements on behalf of all their members. These people should also undertake that it will be a test of continuing membership in their organizations that members and would-be members should declare that they will take no part in acts of violence against human beings. Even such undertakings would be fully effective: people, after all, can lie. But at least they would distinguish the organizations entitled to a continuing voice in the dialogue with the research community about the rights of animals in research from the organizations that deserve no say. 答案解析
There are people who are especially attracted to the notion of "climbing the ladder" so as to increase their status, financial position, and sense of self-worth. In part, as a result of the work ethic, these people are internally "driven" to work. Not infrequently, foreign visitors have observed that Americans spend an inordinate(过度的)amount of time working and, as a consequence, Americans have little time for leisure or personal relationships. In American English a new word"workaholic" has been created to describe an individual who is as addicted to work as an alcoholic (酒鬼)is to liquor. There are conflicting points of view about workaholics. Those concerned with problems of mental stress believe workaholics abuse themselves physically and mentally. Others hold that workaholics are valuable members of society because they are extremely productive. The Americans culture values achievement, efficiency, and production--a workaholic supports these values. Despite the presence of workaholics,there is a growing realization in the United States that excessive work demands can be physically and mentally harmful. Many people have been rebelling against the work ethic, claiming that when a job is so important, personal relationships suffer and relaxation becomes secondary. Consequently there has been a shift in values, with more emphasis being given to personal relationships and non-work activities. Increased leisure time in the United States has not changed the idea that work and play are distinct activities."There is a belief that it is desirable" to work hard and play hard,and undesirable to combine the two. In many offices, stores and factories socializing among employees is discouraged. An employee under pressure at work often cannot afford to respond to social calls and visits. However, the amount of personal contact on the job depends on the nature of the work. People are ambivalent (矛盾的)toward work; it is, at the same time, glorified and belittled. In the words of former President Richard Nixon: "The 'work ethic' holds that labor is good in itself; that a man or woman becomes a better person by virtue of the act of working. America' s competitive spirit, the 'work ethic' of this people, is alive and well ..." Another viewpoint is expressed in an Anacin commercial:"I like my job and am good at it, but it sure grinds me down( 折磨 )sometimes, and the last thing I need to take home is a headache." 答案解析
下列属于我国期货中介与服务机构的有（　）。答案解析
Students of economics are in revolt ( 造反 ) again.This year,65 groups of students from 30 countries established an International Student Initiative for Pluralism ( 多元化) in Economics. In not her subject do students express such organized dissatisfaction with their teaching. It seems, however, to little lasting effect. Temporality is inherent in student life: they don suits, collect their first salary and leave their complaints behind until the same complaints are rediscovered by a new group of19-year-olds with similar naive hopes of changing the world. Still, recurrent dissatisfaction among both students and employers suggests they have a point. One cause of the problem is not specific to economics. Modem universities prize research above teaching, to a degree that would astonish people outside the system, who imagine its primary purpose is to educate the young. In reality, teaching ability plays a bit role in university hiring and promotion decisions. Many academic staff regard teaching as a trouble that gets in the way of their "own" work. If most students were not having such a good time outside the classroom, they would be angrier than they are. They should be. Students demand for more pluralism in the economics curriculum is well made. Yet much of the" heterodox economics" the Manchester students suggest including is flaky, the creation of people with their own political agenda. Their professors reject the introduction of these alternative schemes. Yet teachers are mistaken in their conformity, to a single methodological approach—concluded in the claim that hastaken hold in the past four decades that approaches not based on rational choice foundations are unscientific or" not economics". The need is not so much to teach alternative paradigms of economics as to teach thatpragmatism, not paradigm, is the key to economic understanding. This eclecticism is reflected in the curriculum setting. The subject of economics is not a method of analysis but a set of problems--the problems that drew students to the subject in the first place. The proper scope of economics is any and all ideas that bear usefully on these topics: just as the proper scope of medicine is any and all therapies that help the patient. 答案解析
One of the world's first video games,Tetris(俄罗斯方块 ), has turned thirty years old, and its brand is anything but old school.But what's kept people swiping and clicking to ensure each row of blocks stays aligned and disappears into the virtual world since its development in 1984 Soviet Russia? A combination of new plat form sand an attracting psychological appeal. Maya Rogers, the CEO of Blue Planet Software, the sole agent of the Tetris brand, said the protection of the game'score over the last three decades has aided its longevity. As mobile and social become two of the largest sources for gaming these days, Tetris isn't showing any signs of losing its appeal. Currently appearing on over 50 different gaming platforms, from the 1983 Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) to smart phones,Tetris is sold on over 425 million mobile devices. More than 20 billion games of Tetris Battle have been played on Facebook, too. There's some thing psychologically entrancing about the game, that's kept people hooked through the years. "Play a game of Tetris," said Rogers, "and satisfy your craving to create order out of chaos." Plus, there's the added quality of playing Tetris and never feeling wholly fulfilled."There' s no correct move that you can make," said. Neubauer, a loyal player of the game who work as a senior analyst at Saibus Research, an independent research and advisory firm, "The quest for the perfect move never ends." Tom Stafford, a professor of cognitive development and psychology at Sheffield University in the U.K., says that Tetris has been around so long because it transports garners into a different realm when they play. "It's a world of perpetually generating uncompleted tasks," he said. As he's said in the past, too, "Tetris is the granddaddy of puzzle games like Candy Crush saga--the things that keep us puzzling away for hours, days and weeks.""Tetris is pure game: thereis no benefit to it, nothing to leam, no social or physical consequence,"he added. "It is almost completely pointless, but keeps us coming back for more." 答案解析
According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment. Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of "natural leaders". It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group. Research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to" get things done". Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-beings of a social group's members. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them. Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give others and may discipline group members whoinhibit (阻碍) attainment of the group's goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the difference in these two roles suggest,expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from groupmembers; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals,may enjoy a more distant respect. 答案解析
In August, environmentalists in the Philippines vandalized (肆意破坏 ) a field of Golden Rice, an experimental grain whose genes had been modified. Its seeds will be handed out free to farmers. The aim is to improve the health of children in poor countries by reducing vitamin A deficiency, which contributes to hundreds of thousands of premature deaths and cases of blindness each year. Environmentalists claim that these sorts of actions are justified because genetically modified crops pose health risks.Now the main ground for those claims has crumbled. Last year a paper which was published in a respected journal found that unusual rates of tumours and deaths in rats that had been fed upon a variety of genetic modification(GM) (转基因) corn.Other studies found no such effects. But this one enabled campaigners to make a health-and-safety argument against GM crops--one persuasive enough to influence governments. After the study appeared, Russia suspended imports of the grain in question. Kenya banned all GM crops. And the French prime minister said that if the results were confirmed he would press for a Europe-wide ban on the GM corn. There is now no serious scientific evidence that GM crops do any harm to the health of human beings. There is plenty of evidence, though, that they benefit the health of the planet. One of the biggest challenges facing mankind is to feed the 9 billion-10 billion people who will be alive and richer in 2050. This will require doubling food production on roughly the same area of land, using less water and fewer chemicals. It will also mean making food crops more resistant to the droughts and floods that seem likely if climate change is as bad as scientists fear. If the Green revolution had never happened, and yields had stayed at 1960 levels, the world could not produce its current food output even if it ploughed up every last acre of cultivable land.In contrast, GM crops boost yields, protecting wild habitat from the plough.They are more resistant to the vagaries of climate change, and to diseases and pests, reducing the need for agrochemicals. Genetic research holds out the possibility of breakthroughs that could vastly increase the productivity off arming. Vandalizing GM field trials is a bit like the campaign of somereligious leaders to prevent smallpox inoculations: it causes misery, even death, in the name of unscientific belief. 答案解析
下列关于商品期货合约交易单位的说法，正确的有（　）。答案解析