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    Teaching children to read well from the start is the most important task of elementary schools. But relying on educators to approach this task correctly can be a great mistake. Many schools continue to employ instructional methods that have been proven ineffective. The staying power of the "look-say" or "whole-word" method of teaching beginning reading is perhaps the most flagrant example of this failure to instruct effectively.
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/    The whole-word approach to reading stresses the meaning of words over the meaning of letters, thinking over decoding,developing a sight vocabulary of familiar words over developing the ability to unlock the pronunciation of unfamiliar words. It fits in with the self-directed, "learning how to learn" activities recommended by advocates ( 倡导者) of "open" classrooms and with the concept that children have to be developmentally ready to begin reading. Before 1963, no major publisher put out anything but these "Run-Spot-Run" readers.
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/    However, in 1955, Rudolf Flesch touched off what has been called "the great debate" in beginning reading. In his best-seller Why Johnny Can't Read, Flesch indicted (控诉) the nation's public schools for miseducating students by using the look-say method.He said--and more scholarly studies by Jeane Chall and Rovert Dykstra later confirmed--that another approach to beginning reading, founded on phonics (语音学), is far superior.
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/    Systematic phonics first teaches children to associate letters and letter combinations with sounds; it then teaches them how to blend these sounds together to make words. Rather than building up arelatively limited vocabulary of memorized words, it imparts a code by which the pronunciations of the vast majority of the most common words in the English language can be learned. Phonics does not devalue the importance of thinking about the meaning of words and sentences; it simply recognizes that decoding is the logical and necessary first step.

1.[单选题]According to the author, which of the following statements is true?

A.Phonics approach regards whole word method as unimportant.

B.The whole word approach emphasizes decoding.

C.In phonics approach, it is necessary and logical to employ decoding.

D.Phonics is superior because it stresses the meaning of words thus the vast majority of most common words can belearned.

2.[单选题]The author indicts the look-say reading approach because ________.

A.it overlooks decoding

B.Rudolf Flesch agrees with him

C.he says it is boring

D.many schools continue to use this method

3.[单选题]One major difference between the  "look-say" method of learning reading and the phonics method is ________.

A.look-say is simpler

B.phonics takes longer to learn

C.look-say is easier to teach

D.phonics gives readers access to far more words

4.[单选题]The phrase "touch off' (Para.3 )most probably means ________.

A.talk about shortly

B.start or cause

C.compare with

D.oppose

5.[单选题]The author feels that counting on educators to teach reading correctly is ________.

A.only logical and natural

B.the expected position

C.probably a mistake

D.merely effective instruction

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style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/of our time. It is also worrying.The environment is already under strain. What will happen when the global population rises from 7 billion today to 9.3 billion in 2050, as demographers(人口统计学家.expect, and a growing proportion of these people can afford goods that were once reserved for the elite? Can the planet support so much economic activity? 
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/B.Many policymakers adopt a top-down and Westem-centric approach to such planetary problems. They discuss ambitious regulations in global forums, or look to giant multinationals and well-heeled (富有的.NGOs to set an example. But since most people live in the emerging world, it makes sense to look at what successful companies there are doing to make growth more sustainable. 
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/C.A new study by the World Economic Forum (WEF.and the Boston Consulting Group (BCG)identifies 16 emerging-market firms that they say are turning eco-consciousness into a source of competitive advantage.These highly profitable companies (which the study calls "the new sustainability champions".are using greenery to reduce costs, motivate workers and forge relationships. Their home-grown ideas will probably be easier for their peers to copy than anything cooked up in the West. 
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1.[选词填空]Workers of the sustainability champions are motivated to bring forward green ideas.

2.[选词填空]An air-conditioner manufacturer uses the waste heat from buildings to supply its machines with power.

3.[选词填空]It is meaningful to study what successful companies in the emerging world are doing to achieve more sustainable growth, since most people live there.

4.[选词填空]It's difficult for companies in emerging markets to keep focusing on one specific problem because they have many wider problems to worry about.

5.[选词填空]Although some successful firms have embraced greenery, it doesn't mean that greenery will lead to the success of a firm.

6.[选词填空]It will probably be easier for companies to follow the home-grown ideas than those invented in the West.

7.[选词填空]To create future markets, the firms also make effort to reach and educate poor consumers, often at the cost of short-term profits.

8.[选词填空]It has been found that greenery can be profitable when natural resources are scarce and consumers are short of cash.

9.[选词填空]Sekem, which produces food in Egypt, set a goal to reclaim desert land through organic fanning.

10.[选词填空]Many critics of environmentalism hold the view that greenery is a rich-world luxury because that's not what the poor people badly want.

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style=margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);/B)The brain has great difficulty in distinguishing between what’s true and what’s imagined. There is an oft-cited (经常被引用的) example of an experiment conducted by Australian Psychologist, Alan Richardson. He took some basketball players and split them into 3 equal groups. One group was told to practice their free throw technique twenty minutes per day. The next group was told to spend twenty minutes per day visualizing, but not attempting free throws, and the final group wasn’t allowed to either practice or visualize. At the end of the test period the group that had done nothing remained as they were, but both the other groups showed similar degrees of improvement. The people who only visualized playing basketball were able to perform almost as well as the ones who had actually practiced. “How can that be so?” Firstly, the people practicing would miss some shots. Each time they missed they had in effect, practiced how to miss. The people that were visualizing would be hitting every basket so they were building up the feelings and memory of how to be successful.
style=margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);/ style=margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);/C)Imagine walking home from a new job. You suddenly realize that there is a meadow of long grass that will cut 20 minutes off your walk. If you live in New York you’re going to need a great imagination for this one. The first few times you can barely see which way you had walked the previous ay. However, after 10 or 20 times you can clearly see a pathway starting to form, and after 100 times all the grass is worn away and there’s a farmer with a shotgun and large dog waiting for you at the end. Let’s presume our gun-toting friend is a big softie and he allows you to use that route as long as you want. What are the odds that next time you try a slightly different direction? Slim to none would be my guess. After all, you know this way works and you have a lovely easy path.
style=margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);/D)On the other hand, if Farmer Giles starts taking pot shots at you and sportingly lets the dog try and shoot you too, before releasing it to sink its gnashers into your rear end, then you’ll probably find a new way home once you’re released from hospital. The next time you’re walking home you opt against reacquainting yourself with Fido and spot another meadow further along the road. The same process then begins to take place only this time the original path you made has started to grow back.
style=margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);/ style=margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);/E)That is what happens when we form thoughts in our mind. The first time we have a new thought it is a weakling(虚弱者) of a thought that has sand kicked in its face by stronger thoughts and beliefs. Each time you re-think it though it grows in strength as the physical pathway becomes more and more well-defined. Not only that, but if it is a belief that contradicts one you already hold, the older belief starts to atrophy and die.
style=margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);/F)This also explains why we have the same thoughts over and over again and why people have difficulty snapping negative loops (循环) of thinking. The pathway has been established and it’s just easier to continue following it than trying to think about something new and form a new connection in the brain.
style=margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);/ style=margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);/G)Visualization is an incredibly successful and simple way of speeding up the process by fooling the unconscious into believing that you have already done something before you have. That’s what the basketball visualizers were doing, fooling their own unconscious into thinking they know how to hit basket after basket. Of course this in and of itself will not turn you into an NBA star, you do actually have to practice as well, but it will help you succeed more quickly.
style=margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);/H)All you need to do to be successful at this is to visualize yourself doing something, as you would like to do it. Profound stuff, huh? Seriously though, that is all there is to it. How long you do it each day will affect the speed of change and it’s really not advisable visualizing your success for 20 minutes per day and then spending 10 hours worrying about failing and replaying negative stuff in your head. It kind of defeats the object. You can also incorporate the “fake it till you make it” method in with your visualization to help speed up the process. This is simply a matter of pretending you are already proficient at something before you really are. Again, it’s simply a way of tricking your unconscious and getting it to do what you want it to do.
style=margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);/I)Some people have difficulty with this process and tell me it’s being unrealistic. Well yeh, maybe they’re , but who cares? If you want to be shackled by the chains of realism then go ahead, knock yourself out, but let me tell you this. There are few highly successful people out there that haven’t used this method or visualization at one time or another. In fact, successful people don’t care too much for reality; it just gets in the way and slows them down. What about you?

1.[选词填空]When we combine fake it still you make it and visualization, it can help us succeed quickly.

2.[选词填空]the people who only visualized playing basketball do as well as the ones who had actually practiced because they build a path in the mind about how to throw.

3.[选词填空]According to the passage, visualization works without searching deeply into concepts and theories.

4.[选词填空]The results of the experiment conducted by Alan Richardson in the first two groups is that hey both improved to a similar degree.

5.[选词填空]If he farmer and the dog wait for you and start attacking you, you will probably want to try another different direction.

6.[选词填空]Visualization works in the basketball visualizers’ brains by cheating their own unconscious into believing they know how to hit.

7.[选词填空]To visualize it and practice will help you turn into an NBA star more quickly.

8.[选词填空]Reality is not very important for successful people, because it just gets in the way and slows them down.

9.[选词填空]It’s not advisable visualizing your success and replaying negative stuff in your head.

10.[选词填空]People have difficulty snapping negative loops of thinking because trying to think about something new in the brain is more difficult than keeping a built path.

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A)When Carey Graham started Grade One, he got a very special teacher. “She recognized my passion for learning.” says the now 20-year-old. “Every morning we’d sit down with workbooks and do writing and math exercises. And any time during the day, she could always be counted on to read to me. She always encouraged me to learn all I could about everything.” This extraordinary teacher was his mom, Jeanne Lambert, who homeschooled Graham until high school. He’s now in his second year in the University of Toronto’s Peace and Conflict Studies program, having received a provincial “Aiming for the Top” scholarship. Graham is considering a law degree or a master’s in political science down the road. He attributes his academic success to the foundation laid by his parents. 
style=margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);/B)“You can’t be a parent without being a teacher, ” says Bruce Arai, a professor in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at Wilfrid Laurier University in Waterloo, Ontario. “Perhaps the most important teaching in a child’s life is done by his parents, not by some professional with certificates, ” he says. Homeschooling isn’t about sitting your kids down in the kitchen and teaching them in the formal sense, says Aral, but about “making sare the resources and opportunities for learning are available to them. ” And that, any parent can do. Here, then, are some methods that parents who would never consider homeschooling can pick up from those who do. 
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style=margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);/C)When homeschooler Kerri Paqueue, a mother of six, was building a house in Lansdowne, she saw it as a learning opportunity. “They learned math as we measured. about soil as we dug the foundation, about water while we did the plumbing, and about electricity when we did the electrical work. My children make the subjects come alive as much I do. ” says Paquette. Her kids, aged three to13, continue to view the world as their classroom. They study food and plant growth through their organic garden. They learn about cows by talking to the neighboring farmers. And they learn math, measuring and science while helping Paquette cook. “The other day my nine-year-old, Maddison, started learning a new educational computer program. ne section on fractions was all new, but she knew it from when we bake. ” Every activity, says Paquette, can include a lesson. 
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style=margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);/D)A teacher with a class of 25 students can’t continue a unit on, say, the body just because one child is still keen—but you can. “We don’t have a time flame that restricts our investigations, and we don’t have a dally schedule, ” says Linda Clement, who homeschools her two daughters in Victoria. When her l4-year-old showed an interest in the human body, the curious student read dozens of relevant books and surfed web sites. Janet’s curiosity took her in all sorts of directions:a dictionary of poisons and antidotes, an encyclopedia of medicine, books about human personality and much more. The benefit to your child goes beyond a thorough knowledge of a subject. Studying deeply a topic builds independent research skills and a love of learning. “If my children are interested in a subject, ” says Clement, “we can go as far into the subject, answering as many questions as they have. for as long as is necessary. This freedom encourages their investigations. ” 
style=margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);/Lesson 3 Teach Your Kids Their Way
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style=margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);/F)The way Melissa Cowl’s six children, aged three to 15, pick up on math highlights the great differences in learning styles. “Our ten-year-old, Matthew, needs everything in black and whim:Tell him what to do and how to do it, and it’s done, ” says the mother. “He had a math text that was too colorful, with a layout that was difficult to follow. I switched to a text that was more step-by-step, more concrete. Now he does math tests with no trouble. ”“Our eight-year-old, Ryan, however, is very hands-on. For math, he uses a variety of colorful pens to figure out things like addition and fractions. He needs to see it and feel it. Not one of my kids learns the same way as the others. ”
style=margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);/Lesson 4 Let Them See You Learn
style=margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);/G)One of the best parts of homeschooling is that you can continue your own education—and your kids can see you doing it and pick up on your love of learning the same principle can be applied by any parent. “Learning never ends,” says Julia Goforth, a homeschooling mother of four. “We try new things all the time, whether I’m reading something new or we’re all tasting foods we’d never normally eat.” Reversing the roles also has benefits, giving kids a sense of pride in their own newfound knowledge. “Today my l2-year-old daughter, Denise, explained to me how she figured out a math problem. She’d wound up with the answer, but I didn’t understand how she managed it,” says homeschooler Gina Rozon of La Ronge. Sask. “Our kids are teaching us all the time.”
style=margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);/H)Learning doesn’t always go smoothly, for kids and adults alike, which is why it’s important for children to see their parents struggle with something new. “My children watched me turn my life around by trying new things.” says Goforth. “I went from being a fearful, stay-at-home mom to an adventurous artist’s model and public speaker. Learning to belly dance and play the violin is on my to-do list this year. ”
style=margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);/Lesson 5 “Own” Your Children’s Education
style=margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);/I)“Helping them isn’t about showing your kids how to do the work. It’s about being genuinely interested and having regular conversations about what they’re learning,” says J. Gary Knowles, a professor at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education. Rozon has many suggestions for how to get more involved. “Get to know the teacher. Discuss ways to design the assignments to your child’s learning style. Spend time in the classroom. Ask for outlines of unit studies so you can find additional materials at the library or through videos. Read your child’s textbooks:If you work a few pages ahead, you’11 be able to help them with problems they encounter. ”Reading is another must, says Rozon. “Even after your children can read themselves, hearing somebody else read aloud is important. We nearly always bring a book wherever we go;we read for at least a half hour before bedtime. ”The more engaged a parent is, the more the child benefits, adds Bruce Arai. “The evidence is clear: Parental involvement is one of the most important factors in school success. The hours children spend in class are but one element of their education”

1.[选词填空]Children who learn best from hands-on participation can be classified as kinesthetic learners .

2.[选词填空]Janet read books about human personality so as to understand the human body.

3.[选词填空]Carey Graham may most probably study political science after his graduation from university.

4.[选词填空]Always before bedtime, Rozon reads with the children for at least a half hour/at least haft an hour.

5.[选词填空]Bruce Arai suggests to parents who take up homeschooling that the resources and chances for learning should be provided in homeschooling.

6.[选词填空]Matthew had difficulty with math when the math text was too colorful.

7.[选词填空]Kerri Paquette’s eldest kid is thirteen years old.

8.[选词填空]Carey Graham’s mother was his special teacher when he started Grade One.

9.[选词填空]Julia Goforth believes that learning never ends, so she is going to learn to belly dance and play the violin this year.

10.[选词填空]When the kids help Kerri Paquette cook, they learn math and science at the same time.

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   Health experts have called adolescents to avoid salty diets, warning that such diets were capable of causing hypertension (高血压), as they grow older. The experts, who spoke in Lagos during cardiovascular (心血管的) grass root programme organised by Chike Okoli Foundation in collaboration with Lagos State Ministry of Education for over 1,000 senior secondary students (SSS) of Dairy Farm Senior Secondary School, Lagos, also urged adolescents to be mindful of their lifestyles as whatever they do today have future implications on their heart.
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/    The grass root programme is an annual event aimed to educate, create awareness and screen students in secondary school of heart related diseases in memory of Chike Okoli, who died at the age of 25 of cardiovascular disease. This year, the programme is targeting over 10,000 students in Lagos public schools.
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/    Public health physician and resident doctor at the university of Lagos Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Dr Idiakhoa Iyare, who was one of the guest lecturers for the programme, said the importance of the cardiovascular grass root programme could not be over emphasised as exposing young ones to implications of their lifestyles would save them from deaths and sufferings that could result from future cardiovascular diseases. "If we call hypertension a silent killer, it means that it is going to be silent for along time," Iyare said. " But if we could make the children get aware earlier and start focusing on healthy ways of living while they are much younger, it would be easier for them to modify their habits while they are young."
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/    Programme Coordinator of Chike OkoliFoundation, Mrs. Beaty Alfred, said that the programme was important to raise the health status of students in Lagos schools because "we believe that they are ignorant of the implications of some of their lifestyles," adding that "we want to catch them young."
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/The students were taken through series of lectures on the causes, implications and how to avoid hypertension by various experts from LUTH. Blood pressures of the students were also measured. Iyare added that hypertension is different from high blood pressure, which could arise from increased activities. The public health physician said:"Hypertension is a persistently elevated blood pressure. That means that the blood pressure is greater than 140-millimetre mercury systolic blood pressure and greater than 90-millimetre mercury diastolic blood pressure."

1.[单选题]What can we know about cardiovascular grass root programme?

A.It is organised by Chike Okoli.

B.It is held once a year.

C.It is a lecture on heart related diseases.

D.It is started by Lagos State Ministry of Education.

2.[单选题]The blood pressure of a patient with hypertension________

A.can arise from increased activities

B.is between 90 to 140 millimetre mercury

C.cannot be easily changed by external causes

D.is greater than that of a patient with high blood pressure

3.[单选题]Why does Iyare call hypertension a silent killer?

A.It usually takes away people's life silently.

B.People suffering from it would lose their voice.

C.People with such disease would say nothing about it.

D.It will have no symptom before it gets serious.

4.[单选题]What is the importance of the programme according to Mrs. Beaty Alfred?

A.It helps students know well of the implications of some of their lifestyles.

B.It enables students to catch up with their peers when they are much younger.

C.The health status of students can only be raised by participating in the programme.

D.It significantly reduced the number of students who die from heart related diseases.

5.[单选题]Dr Idiakhoa Iyare________

A.is a guest expert at LUTH

B.has a residence in Lagos

C.was teaching in the university of Lagos

D.worked for the grass root programme

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某指标呈正态分布,均值等于20,变异系数等于10%,则其95%参考值范围是( )

A16.08~23.92

B18.04~19.96

C18.35~21.65

DP2.5~P97.5

E无法确定

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    For reasons that are deeply rooted in culture and tradition, men significantly outnumber women in mathematics-based careers. As students progress through the mathematics courses, girls and boys show little difference in ability, effort, or interest in mathematics until adolescent years when course and career choices begin influencing school effort. Then, as social pressure increases and career goals are formed, girls' decisions to reduce effort in the study of mathematics progressively cut them off from many professional careers in the future. 
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/    Many girls drop mathematics in high school or in the transition to college. Others drop out later. Women perform virtually as well as men in college mathematics courses, but beyond the bachelor's degree women drop out of mathematics at twice the rate of men. Women now enter college nearly as well prepared in mathematics as men, and 46 percent of mathematics baccalaureates (学士学位)go to women. Despite this record, only 35 percent of the master's degrees and 17 percent of the Ph. D degrees in the mathematical sciences are earned by women. 
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/    Overall, women receive approximately one third of university degrees in science and engineering. The highest percentages of women are found in those sciences with the least mathematical prerequisite: psychology, biology, and sociology. The lowest percentages of women enter fields requiring the most mathematics, namely, physics, engineering, economics, geo-science, and chemistry. Evidence from many sources suggest that it is differences in course patterns rather than lack of ability that matter most in limiting women's access to careers in mathematically intensive sciences. 
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/Widely reported studies concerning the high percentage of boys among mathematical prodigies ( 天才. —those who at age 12 perform at the level of average college students—often convey the impression that gender differences in mathematics are biologically determined. But evidence from the vast majority of students shows almost no difference in performance among male and female students who have taken equal advantage of similar opportunities to study mathematics. Inferences ( 推论)from very exceptional students—child prodigies—mean little about the performance of the general population. 

1.[单选题]The high percentage of boys among mathematical prodigies __.

A.means that boys are cleverer in mathematics than girls

B.doesn't mean that boys are cleverer in mathematics than girls

C.means that boys do much better in math exams than girls

D.may be explained by the fact that boys work harder than girls

2.[单选题]According to this passage,which of the following is NOT TRUE?

A.Many girls decide to reduce effort in the study of mathematics as social pressure increases.

B.More women drop out of mathematics than men beyond the bachelor ’s degree.

C.Women tend to prefer the majors such as psychology,biology,and sociology.

D.Women ’S less interest in mathematics limits their access to some careers.

3.[单选题]According to the author, the learning abilities of males and females in mathematics are similar until they____.

A.enter high school

B.enter college

C.acquire their bachelor's degree

D.acquire their master's degree

4.[单选题]___ is the factor that limits women's access to careers in mathematically intensive sciences.

A.Lack of ability

B.Culture

C.Effort

D.Course pattern

5.[单选题]Of the following degrees, the lowest percentage of degree earned by women is.

A.master's degree in economics

B.master's degree in biology

C.doctor's degree in economics

D.doctor's degree in biology

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